Job Analysis

Job Analysis, in simple words, means a process of collecting detailed information about a job. It is a process of collecting all relevant information about the job. The information collected relates to the nature of the job and the qualification required for performing the job. Job Analysis is the starting point of the whole process of recruitment and selection.

Definitions Of Job Analysis:

• According to Edwin Flippo, "Job Analysis is the process of studying and collecting information relating to the operations and responsibility of a specific job."
• According to David A. DeCenzo and Stephen P. Robbins, "Job Analysis is a systematic exploration of the activities within a job. It is a basic technical procedure, one that is used to define the duties, responsibilities and accountability of a job."

Purposes Of Job Analysis:

Job Analysis collects all the necessary data that is required and is useful. The data collected is used for the following purposes:

• Employee hiring
• Training and development of manpower
• Performance appraisal
• Compensation management
• Computerization of personnel information system

Components of Job Analysis:

There are two components of job analysis: Job Description and Job Specification. According to Spriegal and Lansburgh, "Job Description emphasizes the job requirement, whereas the job specification sets forth requirements sought in the person who is to perform the work."

• Job Description:

According to Edwin Flippo, Job Description is, "an organised factual statement of the duties and responsibilities of a specific job. It should tell what is to be done, how it is done and why." Job description means describing the details of the job to be performed.

• Job Specification:

According to Edwin Flippo, Job Specification is, "a statement of minimum acceptable human qualities necessary to perform a job properly. It refers to a summary of the personal characteristics required for performing the job.

Process Of Job Analysis:

The process of job analysis involves the following five steps:

1. Selection of specific job for analysis
2. Collection of information
3. Processing of information
4. Preparation of job description
5. Preparation of job specification

Advantages Of Job Analysis:

• Facilitates purposeful personal interviews
• Facilitates proper publicity of jobs
• Facilitates scientific selection, placement and orientation
• Facilitates scientific promotions and transfers
• Facilitates introduction of rational wage structure
• Facilitates redesigning of jobs
• Facilitates Job Evaluation
• Facilitates manpower training and development
• Facilitates performance appraisal
• Facilitates human resource planning

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